Electrodynamics · 2026
The 4D Weber Force Law: Vacuum Permittivity, Impedance, and the Geometric Origin of Vacuum Energy
R. G. Measey
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Abstract
Establishes ε₀ (compliance) and Z₀ (impedance) as the two fundamental bulk properties of free space, from which c = 1/(Z₀ε₀) and μ₀ = Z₀²ε₀ are derived. Charge is identified as a compression wave — a distortion of ε₀ itself. Weber's force law is extended to n dimensions, revealing that the velocity coefficient (magnetism) is dimension-independent while the acceleration coefficient (induction) weakens as 1/(n−2). Vacuum energy phenomena (Lamb shift, g−2, Casimir effect) are reinterpreted as 4D induction, dissolving the cosmological constant problem.
Weber4Dvacuum permittivityimpedanceZ₀ε₀bulk propertycompression wavechargevacuum energycosmological constantinductionmagnetism
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