Gravity
EstablishedEM–Gravity Double Copy
Gravity is the double copy of electromagnetism in the Weber framework. Gravitational field equations emerge from squaring EM field amplitudes — no separate gravitational interaction is postulated.
The double copy principle dictates that the gravitational amplitude is the square of the electromagnetic amplitude. While this is a known relation in certain quantum gravity formulations (like BCJ/KLT), the CPT framework provides a direct classical implementation through Weber electrodynamics.
The gravitational force between two masses follows the exact same structure as the Weber force, substituting for the electrostatic coupling .
The Weber double copy
The key conceptual point is that gravity is not a separate force. The gravitational coupling of two massive particles is the square of their electromagnetic coupling, properly speaking via the mass-as-EM-drag identification.
Schematic coupling relation
Because gravity is , gravitational waves travel at and carry spin-2 (the amplitude is squared from the spin-1 electromagnetic interaction). Additionally, Rule C (all energy gravitates) naturally follows because electromagnetic field energy is squared in the gravitational sector.
Source Documents
The primary research documents underlying this page. All files are freely viewable and downloadable. They represent the working research as written — including integrity tags, equations, and finding IDs.
Documents open in the CPT Research Library — a formatted viewer for all source research files.