Particles

Established

Fermi–Dirac Statistics

Fermi–Dirac statistics follow from the Finkelstein–Rubinstein exchange phase. The Pauli exclusion principle is a theorem in the CPT framework, not a postulate.

FR phase → exchange statistics

Exchange phase = −1 for T(1,1) → fermionic → Fermi–Dirac.

The Pauli exclusion principle

Two identical T(1,1) particles cannot occupy the same Hopf fibre seat because the two-particle wavefunction would be , and .

Occupation numbers

follows from on same-state.

The Fermi–Dirac distribution

The +1 in denominator is the fermionic signature

Bosons vs Fermions in CPT

Bosons are even self-link torus knots → exchange phase +1 → Bose–Einstein (denominator −1).

Connection to spin-statistics

Half-integer spin (FR phase −1) ↔ fermionic (−1 under exchange) — this is the CPT derivation of the spin-statistics theorem.

Physical consequences

Electron shells, Fermi surface, degeneracy pressure — all follow from this single topological fact.

Source Documents

The primary research documents underlying this page. All files are freely viewable and downloadable. They represent the working research as written — including integrity tags, equations, and finding IDs.

Documents open in the CPT Research Library — a formatted viewer for all source research files.