Particles
MatureThe basic pair production topology is verified, though the very high-energy non-conservation of momentum remains an open question.Pair Production
Particle-antiparticle pair production on S³ as topological bubble nucleation. A photon with sufficient energy nucleates a torus knot T(p,q) and its mirror T(q,p) from the vacuum of S³.
Topological Bubble Nucleation
In the standard picture, occurs when photon energy (1.022 MeV), requiring a nucleus for momentum conservation.
In the CPT picture, pair production is the nucleation of a bubble pair from the vacuum. The photons provide the energy; the background provides the topological substrate.
Threshold Condition
Momentum and the Vacuum
In , momentum is defined on a compact space. The spatial curvature provides the equivalent of nuclear recoil — momentum is absorbed directly by the curvature, satisfying conservation laws.
Nucleation occurs when the photon energy exceeds the Weber confinement energy . Two photons are required for charge conservation.
Nucleation Rate
The nucleation rate from the BN programme depends on a topological barrier:
Nucleation Rate
where is the bubble nucleation barrier from the BN3 programme.
High-Energy Momentum Non-Conservation
At very high energies (), the ability of the curvature to absorb recoil momentum comes into question. CPT predicts deviations from QED at energies . This testable prediction is currently classed as [O].
Furthermore, a slight pair production rate asymmetry between matter and antimatter directly connects to baryogenesis.
Source Documents
The primary research documents underlying this page. All files are freely viewable and downloadable. They represent the working research as written — including integrity tags, equations, and finding IDs.
Documents open in the CPT Research Library — a formatted viewer for all source research files.