Particles

EstablishedCore-ready under packages [E under package]. Hold OPEN. g-factor / absolute mass lab models [M] until promote review.

The Electron

Electron as T(1,1) leptonic ground under sector packages (core-ready multiplet card). Spin and charge under named packages. Absolute MeV is soft package / lab check — continuum hold OPEN.

Last updated: 9 August 2026

Reading this entry

The electron is the core-ready T(1,1) leptonic ground under named sector packages. One winding in each Clifford direction supplies charge e and spin-½, and the confined-photon frequency ω_e = m_e c²/ℏ places the rest energy at 0.511 MeV.

What this is used for

Use this page as the seat card for the electron. It ties winding number n = 1 to charge e, self-link 1 to spin-½, and the modelled Schwinger anomaly a_e = α_fs/(2π) to the g-factor package.

Walk through

T(1,1) winds once in each direction on the Clifford torus, with gcd(1,1) = 1. The winding number n = 1 assigns charge e, self-link 1 assigns the Finkelstein–Rubinstein phase −1 and spin-½, and the confined photon at ω_e = m_e c²/ℏ assigns the mass 0.511 MeV/c². The modelled anomaly identifies a_e = (g_e − 2)/2 with α_fs/(2π). T(1,0) and T(0,1) are the photon circles, and an unconfined photon, written T(0,∞) or T(∞,0), travels at c. The displayed evaluation is a_e = (g_e − 2)/2 = α_fs/(2π) = 0.00116140973 and g_e = 2(1 + α_fs/(2π)) = 2.002322819, with the circulation step ∮ A_self · dl = (α / 2π) · μ_B.

Structure package: Claims here are geometric/packaging results under named premises. They do not by themselves close absolute α, continuum hold, or the full SM mass spectrum. See /status.

T(1,1) — the trefoil precursor: winds once in each direction on the Clifford torus, gcd(1,1)=1 ✓

Properties from topology

Charge: winding number → charge = (elementary charge unit).
Spin: self-link=1 → FR phase −1 → spin-½.
Mass: confined photon at frequency → mass = 0.511 MeV/c².

The electron magnetic moment anomaly

A lab package identifies the electron $g$-factor anomaly with Weber circulation on as a modelled [M] join — not a free public theorem independent of α packaging. Continuum hold remains open.

Why there is no simpler particle

T(1,1) is the minimal non-trivial torus knot with gcd=1. T(1,0) and T(0,1) are not knots — they are circles (the photon).

The photon as T(0,∞) or T(∞,0)

An unconfined photon has no torus confinement → no rest mass → travels at .

Electron stability

T(1,1) is topologically stable — it cannot be continuously deformed to the unknot without breaking the S³ topology constraint.

Schwinger g-Factor Anomaly Theorem [E]

Source Documents

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