Nuclear

Modelled[M] modelled package — not free public theorem; see doctrine v1.1.2 scope on /framework and /status.

Neutron Structure & Free Decay

The neutron is T(3,2) on the Clifford torus. Free neutron lifetime tau_n ≈ 879.4 s is a modelled package from T(3,2)->T(2,3) eversion tunneling (Gamow S = π√3/2) — not a free public theorem.

Last updated: 20 August 2026

Reading this entry

The neutron page places the charge mirror T(3,2) on the Clifford torus, with the same self-linking number pq = 6 as the proton and net charge Q_net = 0. Free decay is packaged as an eversion of that knot, and the page prints a lifetime τ_n = 879.4 s from the Gamow factor.

What this is used for

The mass-splitting page takes the reversed winding as the source of the neutron excess, and the deuteron page pairs T(3,2) with T(2,3) in the mutual dance. The lifetime formula is the working account of free neutron decay used beside those structural seats.

Walk through

The neutron is the torus knot T(3,2), with self-linking number pq = 6, bosonic exchange phase +1, and net charge Q_net = 0. Free decay is the eversion T(3,2) → T(2,3) + e^− + ν̄_e. The Gamow action is S_eversion = π√3/2 ≈ 2.7207, so the tunnel factor is P_tunnel = e^(−S_eversion) ≈ 0.06583. The attempt frequency is ν_0 = c/L_knot = 1.236×10^20 s^−1, the beta phase-space factor is Ω_β = 1.398×10^−22, and the lifetime is τ_n = 1/(ν_0 · P_tunnel · Ω_β) = 879.4 s. The same reversed winding carries the excess Δm = m_n − m_p = 1.293 MeV/c².

Integrity note (Doctrine v1.1.2): Structural lab reading: the neutron seat T(3,2) has three internal lobes (the proton has two). That is not three free quarks, and not a licence to paste udd ontology onto the seat. Lifetime and moment numbers stay in the measurement basket; SU(6) −2/3 is catalogue. See /framework.

1. Topology of the Neutron

The neutron is mathematically represented as , winding 3 times around the minor cycle and 2 times around the major cycle of the Clifford torus. Its self-linking number is identical to the proton , giving them the same bosonic exchange phase of .

The net charge cancels out in the electromagnetic direction due to the asymmetric winding.

2. Modelled Free Neutron Lifetime Package

Free neutron decay is not mediated by an elementary heavy boson. It is a topological eversion tunneling transition where the knot rewinds its winding orientation:

Gamow Barrier Eversion Action

3. Proton–Neutron Mass Splitting

The slight excess mass of the neutron () is due to the Weber binding energy asymmetry in the reversed winding direction.

STATUS: [M] MODELLED PACKAGE

The free neutron lifetime and topological decay mechanism are modelled programme packages [M] under Gamow barrier eversion tunneling — not free public theorems.

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